Pig Lab

This picture below is of the pig dissection we did in class last week. We had to study the anatomy of the pig and take a test on it when we were ready. I believe i got around an 80% on it.

Taste Strips Lab

This picture above is of the taste strip results that I did on my family. The key is to the left of the picture. I only tested the people that live in my household. I hope its easy to understand.

Blue People

This pedigree show a family that has methemoglobinemia (blue homozygous, carrier heterozygous, and probably heterozygous, or none). In the family of the blue people their problem of being blue was their families fault. Because of incest, which carried on the restive gene of their color. The males in the family are the ones who carry the gene the most. Some of the women possibly carry it. 

Eugenics

Eugenics which means “well born” was introduced in the 1880′s by Sir Francis Galton.  The whole idea of eugenics is to rid the human race of its imperfections. What imperfections? That’s all in the eye of the beholder, it could be race, hair color, eye color, disabilities you name it could be unwanted.

• What is eugenics?

Eugenics is the scientific study of improving human population through breeding and desirable traits found in humans.

• What were the social origins of eugenics?

Social origins can be liked back to right after the Civil War because of the economic and social problems after the war.

• What were the scientific origins of eugenics?

The scientific origins of eugenics can be traced back to Francis Galton who perceived it as a moral philosophy who encouraged the healthiest humans to have more children.

• What research methods were used to study eugenics and what were their flaws?

The types of method used were usually family trees. Their flaws were from the family tree, you can’t really tell which genes are recessive or dominant.

• How did eugenics research impact American society?

Research on eugenics impacted American society because it got people thinking about making changes to enhance the human race by getting rid of the bad genes. It also sparked a very big discussion about if its ethical or not.

The way they researched eugenics was pretty basic, based on what we know now at least. From what I took from the reading it was all based on recessive and dominant genes, and which ones show through. They could go through a family tree and find out if they had the bad qualities being passed on. The study of Eugenics has been around since after the Civil War because of the economic problems. People needed jobs that would support them and help America. If most of the population was perfectly healthy and smart, then we would be in good shape because it would boost our economy because of the income. Also having highly intelligent people running our country would be very good and it would insure our country would be going in the right direction. 

The link I used to learn about eugenics is http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/.

DNA Model

The DNA model is when we made the model out of tube things. We had to make the model and match the different proteins in order to understand them better. My group took a couple of pictures of the model and here they are. The DNA drawing (below) is what we made in class. Key is below pic.

 A-adenine

C-cytosine

G-guanine

T-thymine

In DNA, A will always be paired with T and C will be paired with G. Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of DNA together and plays a very important role. DNA has three parts, a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogenous base and a nucleotide. When you see sugar and phosphate, that is the back bone of the DNA and they are bonded to hold it all together. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

Colon Cancer

Colon, or colorectal, cancer is cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon). According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Other types of cancer can affect the colon, such as lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, melanoma, and sarcomas. How ever if you diagnose the cancer in the early stages of its progression it can often lead to an early complete cure.


Colon cancer is very harmful and can spread throughout a persons body really fast as it gets worse. I have lost my grandfather to colon cancer and he fought it for 5 years. Sometimes you can have cancer and not even show any symptoms thats why you should have monthly checkups just to be on the safe side. It might just save your life if you be cautious and go to the doctor often. 

If your doctor learns that you do have colorectal cancer, more tests will be done to see if the cancer has spread. This is called staging. CT or MRI scans of the abdomen, pelvic area, chest, or brain may be used to stage the cancer. Sometimes, PET scans are also used.

Stages of colon cancer are:

• Stage 0: Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine
• Stage I: Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon
• Stage II: Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon
• Stage III: Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes
• Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other organs
  
  
  There are some treatments that can also help but they can also make you sicker than you already were depending on how strong the cancer and you are.
  The types of treatments are:
  1) Surgery
  2) Chemotherapy
  3) Radiation
  
  
  So if you wanna be safe and healthy you should schedule monthly checkups. It could save your life!
  
  
  Here are some pictures of what colon cancer does to your intestines and body.
  
  
  
  
  
  

Genetic Terms

Onion Root Tips

 Growth in an organism is carefully controlled by regulating the cell cycle. In plants, the roots continue to grow as they search for water and nutrients. These regions of growth are good for studying the cell cycle because at any given time, you can find cells that are undergoing mitosis. 

Onion root tips are extremely popular for viewing the different phases of mitosis because the chromosomes are large and and very dark when stained.

1)    Interphase-is considered the first and last stage of plant cell division. It is the stage in which the cell is growing in size and replicating its DNA in preparation for division. The nucleus is apparent.
2)    Prophase-During Prophase the nuclear envelope starts to break down and all the chromosomes start to coil up in the center of the cell.
3)    Metaphase-is the middle stage at which point all the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell along spindle fibers that pull to either side of the cell.
4)    Anaphase-The spindle fibers become shorter and pull each chromosome pair apart to the opposite ends of the cell.
5)    Telophase-The final stage of cell replication.The nuclear envelope is reformed. Cytokinesis takes place. A new cell wall is created down the center and two daughter cells are formed.